Switch Case Statements in C Plus Plus
Switch  case statements are a substitute for long if statements that compare a  variable to several "integral" values ("integral" values are simply  values that can be expressed as an integer, such as the value of a  char). The basic format for using switch case is outlined below. The  value of the variable given into switch is compared to the value  following each of the cases, and when one value matches the value of the  variable, the computer continues executing the program from that point.
 
	
	
	
		کد:
	
	
		switch ( <variable> ) {
case this-value:
  Code to execute if <variable> == this-value
  break;
case that-value:
  Code to execute if <variable> == that-value
  break;
...
default:
  Code to execute if <variable> does not equal the value following any of the cases
  break;
}
	 
 
The  condition of a switch statement is a value. The case says that if it  has the value of whatever is after that case then do whatever follows  the colon. The break is used to break out of the case statements. Break  is a keyword that breaks out of the code block, usually surrounded by  braces, which it is in. In this case, break prevents the program from  falling through and executing the code in all the other case statements.  An important thing to note about the switch statement is that the case  values may only be constant integral expressions. Sadly, it isn't legal  to use case like this:
 
	
	
	
		کد:
	
	
		int a = 10;
int b = 10;
int c = 20;
switch ( a ) {
case b:
  // Code
  break;
case c:
  // Code
  break;
default:
  // Code
  break;
}
	 
 
The  default case is optional, but it is wise to include it as it handles  any unexpected cases. Switch statements serves as a simple way to write  long if statements when the requirements are met. Often it can be used  to process input from a user. 
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