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A
thermostatic expansion valve (often abbreviated as TXV or TX valve) is a component in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that controls the amount of refrigerant flow into the evaporator thereby controling the superheat at the outlet of the evaporator. This is accomplished by use of a temperature sensing bulb filled with a similar gas as in the system that causes the valve to open against the spring pressure in the valve body as the temperature on the bulb increases. As temperatures in the evaporator decrease, so does the pressure in the bulb and therefore on the spring causing the valve to close. An air conditioning system with a TX valve is often more efficient than other designs that do not use one.
A thermostatic expansion valve is a key element to a refrigeration cycle; the cycle that makes air conditioning, or air cooling, possible. A basic refrigeration cycle consists of four major elements, a compressor, a condenser, a metering device and an evaporator. As a refrigerant passes through a circuit containing these four elements, air conditioning occurs. The cycle starts when refrigerant enters the compressor in a low pressure, low temperature, gaseous form. The refrigerant is compressed by the compressor to a high pressure and temperature gaseous state. The high pressure and temperature gas then enters the condenser. The condenser condenses the high pressure and temperature gas to a low temperature liquid by expelling heat either to the ambient air or a fluid similar to the action of an automotive radiator. The low temperature liquid then enters the expansion valve where the valve acts on the refrigerant and changes it to a low pressure and temperature liquid. The low pressure and temperature liquid is now suitable for cooling. The low temperature and pressure liquid enters an evaporator where, through the boiling refigerant, heat is absorbed from the air or another fluid and the cooling action takes place. After exiting the evaporator, the refrigerant is now a low temperature, low pressure gas. The low pressure gas enters the compressor and the cycle repeats.
ref :
http://en.wikipedia.org