دانلود کتاب sheet metal forming processes and die design
دانلود کتاب sheet metal forming processes and die design
دانلود کتاب sheet metal forming processes and die design
Preface
List of Tables
Introduction
Basic Characteristics of Sheet-Metal Forming Processes
Categories of Sheet-Metal Forming Processes
Characteristics of Sheet-Metal Parts and Their Technological Properties
THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS
The Structure of Metals
Introduction
The Crystal Structure of Metals
Deformation and the Strength of Crystals
Imperfections in the Crystal Structure of Metals
Grain Sizes and Boundaries
Strain Hardening
Recovery and Recrystalization
Mechanical Behavior of Materials
Introduction
Stress / Strain Curves
Ductility
True Stress and True Strain
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Shearing Process
Mechanics of Shearing
Shearing Forces
Shearing with Straight Parallel Cutters
Shearing with Straight Inclined Cutters
Shearing with Rotary Cutters
Blanking and Punching
Blanking and Punching Mechanism
Blanking and Punching Clearances
Punch Force
Punch and Die with Parallel Cut Edges
Punch and Die with Bevel-cut Edges
Material Economy
Scrap Strip Layouts
Altering the Design of the Workpiece
Multi-line Layout
Utilizing Scrap from One Piece as Material for Another Piece
Shaving
Shaving a Punched Workpiece
Shaving a Blanked Workpiece
Bending
Introduction
Mechanics of Bending
Moment of Bending
Moment of Bending in Elastic-Plastic Domain
The Moment of Bending in the Purely Plastic Domain
Bending Forces
Force for a U-die
Forces for a Wiping Die
Forces for a V-die
Curling
Three-Roll Forming
Bend Radius
Minimum Bend Radius
Maximum Bend Radius
Bend Allowance
Springback
Clearance
Deep Drawing
Introduction
Mechanics of Deep Drawing
Deep Drawability
Forces
First Drawing Operation
Subsequent Drawing Operations
Blank Calculations for Symmetrical Shells
Determining Shape of Blank for Nonsymmetrical Shells
Rectangular Shells
Square Shells
Drawing Practice
Defects during Deep Drawing
Lubrication in Drawing
Various Forming Processes
Stretch Forming
Nosing
Expanding
Dimpling
Spinning
Flexible Die Forming
Force in Die Forming
DIE DESIGN
Basic Die Classifications and Components
Die Classifications
Basic Die Components
Blanking and Punching Dies
Introduction
Die Blocks
Die Opening Profile
Fastening to the Die Shoe
Sectioned Die
Calculation of Die Block Dimensions
Punches
Punch Face Geometry
Methods for Assembling Punches
Punch Calculations
Stripper Plates
Stripper Force
Stripper Design
Die Components for Guiding and Stopping
Stock Guides and Guide Rails
Die Stops and French Notch Punch
Positioning the Individual Blank
Pilots
Center of Die Pressure
Examples of Couting Die Designs
Bending Dies
Introduction
Simple Die Designs
U-Profile Bend Dies
V-profile Bend Dies
Universal Bending Dies
Dies of Complex Design
Closing Profile Dies
Special Bending Dies
Curling and Hinge Dies
Tube-forming Dies
Multiple-bend Dies
Combination Dies
Progressive Dies
Deep Drawing Dies
Introduction
Draw Rings
Draw Rings with Corner Radius
Draw Rings with Conical Profile
Clearances and Tolerances
Calculation of the Dimensions of the Punch and Die
Blank Holders
Blank Holders
Blank Holder Pressure
Blank Holder Force
Draw Beads
Single-operation Dies
Multi-operation Dies
Progressive Dies
Ironing Dies
Drawing Dies for Pieces of Spherical and Parabolic Shape
Various Forming Dies
Nosing Dies
Expanding and Bulging Dies
Expanding Dies
Bulging Dies
Flanging Dies
Tool and Die Materials
Introduction
Carbon and Alloy Steels
Designations for Carbon and Alloy Steels
Effects of Various Alloy Elements in Steels
Carbon Steels
Alloy Steels
Machinability of Steels
Mechanical Properties of Steels
Applications of Carbon and Alloy Steels
Tool and Die Steels
Designation and Classification of Tool and Die Steels
Cold Work Tool and Die Steels
Nonferrous Metals
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