navard be oboor dadane yek ghateye az beyne do ghaltak be manzoore ijade taghire shekl gofte mishe
baraye foolad in amal mitoone oboor dadane yek varaghe fooladi az beyne hadeaghal do ta ghaltak bashe
inkar mitoone dar damaye bala (navarde garm ya hot rolling) ya navarde sard (cold rolling) anjam beshe
dar navarde garm nirooha kamtare va ghateye fooladi khavase mechanikie avalieash ro hefz mikone chonke mamoolan navarde garm dar damaye temper anjam mishe
mamoolan navarde garm baraye taghire formhaye ziad estefade mishe ke mikhaim material khavase avaliesh ro hefz kone
tooye navarde sard, sakhtie ghate bad az anjame navard afzayesh peyda mikone be ellate kar sakhti, hamitor residual stress toosh ziad mishe ke chon in residual stress be soorate fesharie (compression) baese bala ratane omre ghate mishe
navarde sard yek farayande ijade taghire pelastic dar mavad mahsoob mishe
az digar vizhegihaye navarde sard inke keyfiate sathe ghate kheili bala khahad bood
hamchenin navarde sard estehkame mavad ro afzayesh mide vali baese kaheshe cheghermegi (toughness) va afzayeshe tordi e ghate mishe