One Hundred Years of Flight - USAF Chronology of Significant Air and Space Events 1903-2002
One Hundred Years of Flight - USAF Chronology of Significant Air and Space Events 1903-2002
One Hundred Years of Flight - USAF Chronology of Significant Air and Space Events 1903-2002
English | 170 pages | 37MB | PDF
Commemorating the first century of aviation, this chronology is dedicated to the men and women who gave their lives to advance air and space flight. It includes significant air and space events since the Wright brothers first demonstrated in 1903 that humankind could fly in heavier-than-air machines. Although focused on the evolution of the United States Air Force (USAF). it also includes major developments in military, naval, civil, and international air power. Until World War I, military leaders had conceived of the airplane primarily as a reconnaissance and artillery-spotting tool. By the end of 1918, however, the airplane was already performing other missions, including air superiority, strategic bombardment, interdiction, close air support, and airlift. Aviation continued to evolve after the war. as evidenced by increased aircraft ranges, altitudes, and speeds. These growing capabilities allowed transcontinental and transoceanic flights as well as encouraged airline service and airmail.
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Wright Brothers Facts
The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American men who have been credited with the invention of the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled and powered and sustained human flight that was heavier than air. In the two years afterwards, they developed the flying machine they had created into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. They were the first ones to invent aircraft controls that would make fixed wing flight a possibility.
The Wright Brothers' big breakthrough was their invention of the three axis control. This allowed a pilot to steer an aircraft properly and keep its equilibrium. It has become a standard method on fixed-wing aircraft. The Wrights wanted to beat the flying problem rather than developing powerful engines like other experimenters did. The wind tunnel experiments they created gave them better aeronautical data. This allowed them to design wings and propellers that were better than any produced in the past.
In order to be successful, the Wright brothers had to work in their shop with bicycles, motors, printing presses, and other machinery. They worked with bicycles, which influenced their believe that with practice and good balance, even an unstable machine could fly. The Wright brothers participated in extensive glider tests that developed their pilot skills.
The Wright brothers were two of the seven children of Milton Wright and Susan Catherine Koerner. When Wilbur was born in 1867, the family lived near Millville, Indiana, but when Orville was born in 1871, the family lived in Dayton, Ohio. In elementary school, Orville was in trouble a lot. They said that they were first interested in flying when their father brought home a toy helicopter for them to play with.
Both of the Wright brothers went to high school, but neither brother received diplomas. In 1885, Wilbur was hit in the face with a hockey stick, and even though his injuries did not seem severe, it seemed to affect him. He decided not to attend Yale as he had planned and he became withdrawn. During the next few years, he instead began to care for his mother in the home who was terminally ill due to tuberculosis. He also spent a lot of time reading at home. Orville dropped out of school following his junior year in high school in order to begin a printing business in 1889. He had designed and built a printing press with the help of Wilbur. Wilbur became the editor and Orville became the publisher of the weekly newspaper. The Wright brothers additionally opened a bike repair and sales shop in 1892 and began manufacturing their own bicycles.
The Wright brothers wrote their patent in 1903, but their patent was rejected. They hired an Ohio patent attorney named Henry Toulmin who could write their application, and their patent for a "flying machine" was accepted on May 22, 1906. The patent shows the 1902 glider they created. Patent lawsuits began. Wilbur spent the next few years fighting the wars against patents. He was especially busy with this from 1910 until 1912, as he was consulting with lawyers and testifying in court. Although this was important, it did keep them from being able to work on new designs, and by 1911, the Wright aircrafts were considered less than those of European makers at this time. Wilbur was becoming exhausted, and he died of typhoid fever in 1912.
The Wright Company was incorporated in 1909. $100,000 was received by the brothers for their patents, and they also were able to accumulate one-third of the shares of a million dollar stock issue as well as 10% royalty from all the airplanes sold. The president of the company was Wilbur, and Orville was the vice president. Between the years of 1910 and 1916, the Wright Company flying school was able to train around 115 pilots who were instructed by Orville or Orville's assistants. Some of their trainees even became famous, such as Calbraith Perry Rodgers, the man who made the very first coast to coast flight in 1911 and Henry "Hap" Arnold, who became a Five Star General and commanded the U.S. Army Forces during World War II.
Neither of the Wright brothers got married. In fact, Wilbur was so focused on flight that he did not have time for a marriage, or so he said. When he went on a trip to Boston in April of 1912, he became ill. When he returned to Dayton, he was diagnosed with typhoid fever. When he was forty-five years old, he died in the family home. After Wilbur died, Orville became the president of their company, but Orville did not really have the executive skills of his brother. He sold the company in 1915, and Orville, their sister Katharine, and their father Milton moved to a mansion in Oakwood, Ohio that they built. In 1917, Milton, their father, died. In 1918, Orville conducted his last flight as a pilot. He then began serving on boards and committees, which included the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Katharine was married to Henry Haskell from Kansas City. Orville was very upset by this and he would not attend her wedding or would not communicate with her at all. He finally came to see her just before she died in 1929 from pneumonia. Orville Wright passed away in 1948 following his second heart attack. Both brothers have been buried in Dayton, Ohio.